SQL Server deadlock example

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When can a deadlock occur
In a database, a deadlock occurs when two or more processes have a resource locked, and each process requests a lock on the resource that another process has already locked. Neither of the transactions here can move forward, as each one is waiting for the other to release the lock.

When deadlocks occur, SQL Server will choose one of processes as the deadlock victim and rollback that process, so the other process can move forward. The transaction that is chosen as the deadlock victim will produce the following error.
Msg 1205, Level 13, State 51, Line 1
Transaction (Process ID 57) was deadlocked on lock resources with another process and has been chosen as the deadlock victim. Rerun the transaction.

SQL script to create the tables and populate them with test data
Create table TableA
(
Id int identity primary key,
Name nvarchar(50)
)
Go

Insert into TableA values (‘Mark’)
Go

Create table TableB
(
Id int identity primary key,
Name nvarchar(50)
)
Go

Insert into TableB values (‘Mary’)
Go

The following 2 transactions will result in a dead lock. Open 2 instances of SQL Server Management studio. From the first window execute Transaction 1 code and from the second window execute Transaction 2 code.

— Transaction 1
Begin Tran
Update TableA Set Name = ‘Mark Transaction 1’ where Id = 1

— From Transaction 2 window execute the first update statement

Update TableB Set Name = ‘Mary Transaction 1’ where Id = 1

— From Transaction 2 window execute the second update statement
Commit Transaction

— Transaction 2
Begin Tran
Update TableB Set Name = ‘Mark Transaction 2’ where Id = 1

— From Transaction 1 window execute the second update statement

Update TableA Set Name = ‘Mary Transaction 2’ where Id = 1

— After a few seconds notice that one of the transactions complete
— successfully while the other transaction is made the deadlock victim
Commit Transaction

Next Video : We will discuss the criteria SQL Server uses to choose a deadlock victim